Alignment in regional networks: towards new metrics to assess the effectiveness of technology policy|Alinhamento de redes em uma região em processo de catching-up: em busca de novas métricas para avaliar a efetividade da política tecnológica

Autores

  • Janaina Oliveira Pamplona da Costa Departamento de Política Científica e Tecnológica, Instituto de Geociências,
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-3438

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2019v21n2p390

Palavras-chave:

Network alignment, Network governance and structure, Technology Policy, Recife and Porto Digital, Software


Resumo

This article addresses how regional level network governance and structure influence the effectiveness of technology policy to improve local firms’ innovativeness in a catching-up context. It examines network alignment through an investigation of network governance (i.e., coordination) and structure. Our contribution to the literature relates to the employment of original metrics that allow the understanding of meaning, features and roles of network ties and, therefore, whether network governance and structure have a consistent influence on firms’ engagement in network and their innovative performance. The empirical evidence is based on a Brazilian laggard region that has been the focus of technology policy to promote industrial and regional development, the Recife software network of innovation (Porto Digital). We find that implementation of a technology policy and formation of networks to improve firm-level innovation and regional catch-up should involve careful consideration of the intended effects: membership of a network may not be a sufficient condition for improving innovation at firm level.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Janaina Oliveira Pamplona da Costa, Departamento de Política Científica e Tecnológica, Instituto de Geociências,
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Holds a Bachelor Degree in Economics (Unicamp, 1995), a Master’s degree in Science and Technology Policy (DPCT, Unicamp, 1998) and a PhD in Science and Technology Policy Studies (SPRU, University of Sussex/UK, 2012).

Referências

ABES Mercado Brasileiro de Software: panorama e tendências, 2018. Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Software, 2018. São Paulo.

AFONSO, C. A.; BRITO, C. J.; KNEESE, F. Q. S. Desenvolvimento Estratégico em Informática (DESI): Avaliação de Projeto. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD)Agosto, p.1-92. 1999

AHUJA, G. Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 45, n. 3, p. 425-455, 2000. Disponível em: < http://www.jstor.org/stable/2667105 >

ASHEIM, B. T.; GERTLER, M. S. The Geography of innovation: Regional Innovation Systems. In: FAGERBERG, J.;MOWERY, D. C., et al (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. New York: Oxford Universty Press, 2004. p.291-317.

BOSCHMA, R. Competitiveness of Regions from an Evolutionary Perspective. Regional Studies, v. 39, n. 9, p. 1001-1014, 2004.

______. Editorial: Role of Proximity in Interaction and Performance: Conceptual and Empirical Challenges. Regional Studies: 41-45 p. 2005.

BOSCHMA, R.; MARTIN, R. Introduction- The New Paradigm of Evolutionary Economic Geography. In: BOSCHMA, R. e MARTIN, R. (Ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. First. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010. p.3-39.

BRESNAHAN, T.; GAMBARDELLA, A.; SAXENIAN, A. ‘Old Economy’ Inputs for ‘New Economy’ Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Valleys. Industrial and Corporate Change, v. 10, n. 4, p. 835-860, 2001.

BROOKS JR., F. P. The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering. 20th Anniversary Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995. 1-322.

BURT, R. S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, 1992. 1-313.

______. Neighbor Networks: Competitive Advantage Local and Personal. First. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 1-385.

CANTNER, U.; GRAF, H. The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis. Research Policy, v. 35, n. 4, p. 463-480, 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004873330600031X >.

______. Growth, Development and Structural Change of Innovator Networks: the Case of Jena. In: BOSCHMA, R. e MARTIN, R. (Ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Cheltenham: Edward Elgad, 2010. p.370-387.

COOKE, P. Regional Innovation Systems, Clusters, and the Knowledge Economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, v. 10, n. 4, p. 945-974, December 1, 2001 2001. Disponível em: < http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/10/4/945 > <

COOKE, P.; DE LAURENTIS, C. Evolutionary Economic Geography: Regional Systems of Innovation and High-tech Clusters. In: BOSCHMA, R. e MARTIN, R. (Ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Cheltenham: Edward Elgad, 2010. p.239-257.

DANTAS, E.; BELL, M. Latecomer Firms and the Emergence and Development of Knowledge Networks: The Case of Petrobras in Brazil. Research Policy, v. 38, n. 5, p. 829-844, 2009. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-4VPV8MP-1/2/1e59def2ec21a6515ae3a84ce04eef8f >.

DE NOOY, W.; MRVAR, A.; BATAGELJ, V. Exploratory social network analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

DODGSON, M. Exploring new combinations in innovation and entrepreneurship: social networks, Schumpeter, and the case of Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795). Industrial and Corporate Change, v. 20, n. 4, p. 1119-1151, August 1, 2011 2011. Disponível em: < http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/4/1119.abstract >.

DODGSON, M. et al. The Evolving Nature of Taiwan's National Innovation System: The Case of Biotechnology Innovation Networks. Research Policy, v. 37, n. 3, p. 430-445, 2008. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-4RW4RVK-2/2/8a2b9c65c4112194455ba1747c533370 >.

ERGAS, H. The importance of technology policy. In: DASGUPTA, P. e STONEMAN, P. (Ed.). Economic Policy and Technological Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. p.51-96.

FELDMAN, M. P. An Examination of the Geography of Innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, v. 2, n. 3, p. 451-470, 1993.

FREEMAN, C. Networks of innovators: A synthesis of research issues. Research Policy, v. 20, n. 5, p. 499-514, 1991. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-45D0RMC-73/2/730cb98d265d5b0dc7eee18c6adff863 >.

GIULIANI, E. Clusters, Networks and Economic Development: an Evolutionary Economics Perspective. In: BOSCHMA, R. e MARTIN, R. (Ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Cheltenham: Edward Elgad, 2010. p.261-279.

______. Network dynamics in regional clusters: Evidence from Chile. Research Policy, v. 42, n. 8, p. 1406-1419, 9// 2013. ISSN 0048-7333. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733313000796 >.

GRABHER, G. The weakness of strong ties: the lock-in of regional development in the Ruhr area. In: GRABHER, G. (Ed.). The Embbeded Firm: on the Socioeconomics of industrial networks. London: Routledge, 1993. p.255-277.

GRANOVETTER, M. The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, v. 78, n. 6, p. 1360-1380, May 1973.

______. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, v. 91, n. 3, p. 481-510, November, 1985 1985.

GRASENICK, K.; WAGNER, G.; ZUMBUSCH, K. Trapped in a Net: Network Analysis for Network Governance. VINE: The Journal of Information and Management Systems, v. 38, n. 3, p. 296-314, 2008.

GRIMALDI, R.; TORRISI, S. Codified-tacit and general-specific knowledge in the division of labour among firms: A study of the software industry. Research Policy, v. 30, n. 9, p. 1425-1442, 2001. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-44N9P3G-6/2/588b5448282c6904fc7529b40aa27b68 >.

HERRIGEL, G. B. Power and the redefinition of industrial districts: the case of Baden-Württemberg. In: GRABHER, G. (Ed.). The Embbeded Firm: on the Socioeconomics of industrial networks. London: Routledge, 1993. p.227-251.

JONES, C.; HESTERLY, W. S.; BORGATTI, S. P. A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms. Academy of Management Review, v. 22, n. 4, p. 911-945, 1997. Disponível em: < http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9711022109&site=ehost-live >.

JORDE, T. M.; TEECE, D. J. Competition and Cooperation: Striking the Right Balance. California Management Review, v. 31, n. 3, p. 25-37, Spring89 1989. Disponível em: < http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=4762941&site=ehost-live >

KENNEY, M. Understanding Silicon Valley: The Anatomy of an Entrepreneurial Region. Stanford University Press, 2000.

KIM, S.-R.; VON TUNZELMANN, N. Aligning internal and external networks: Taiwan's specialization in IT. SPRU Electronic Working Paper Series: 1-41 p. 1998.

LACERDA, N.; FERNANDES, A. C. Parques tecnológicos: entre inovação e renda imobiliária no contexto da cidade do Recife. Cadernos Metrópole (PUCSP), v. 17, n. 34, p. 329-354, 2015.

LASTRES, H. M. M. Avaliação das políticas de promoção de arranjos produtivos locais no Brasil e proposições de ações. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos. Brasília: March, p.1-37. 2007

LAZERSON, M. Factory or putting-out? Knitting networks in Modena. In: GRABHER, G. (Ed.). The Embbeded Firm: on the Socioeconomics of industrial networks. London: Routledge, 1993. p.203-226.

LUNDVALL, B.-Å. Introduction. In: LUNDVALL, B.-Ä. (Ed.). National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter Publisher, 1992. p.1-19.

LUNDVALL, B.-Å. et al. Innovation System Research and Developing Countries. In: LUNDVALL, B.-Å.;JOSEPH, K. J., et al (Ed.). Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2009. p.1-30.

MALERBA, F. Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Basic Concepts. In: MALERBA, F. (Ed.). Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Issues and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p.9-41.

MARTIN, R.; SUNLEY, P. Path Dependence and Regional Economic Evolution. Journal of Economic Geography, v. 6, n. 4, p. 395-437, 2006.

______. The place of path dependence in an evolutionary perspective on the economic landscape. In: BOSCHMA, R. e MARTIN, R. (Ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Cheltenham: Edward Elgad, 2010. p.62-92.

MARTINS et al. Sistemas Setoriais de Inovação em Países Emergentes: o Software na Índia e no Brasil em Perspectiva Comparada. BRICS Policy Center/Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas BRICS. Rio de Janeiro. 2018

MAZZUCATO, M. The Entrepreneurial State – Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths. Anthem Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-857282-52-1.

MIT-SOFTEX. A Indústria de Software no Brasil - 2002: Fortalecendo a Economia do Conhecimento. Massachussets Institute of Technology and Sociedade Softex. Campinas, p.1-75. 2002

MOWERY, D. C. The Practice of Technology Policy. In: STONEMAN, P. (Ed.). Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher, 1995. p.513-557.

OECD. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. Paris: OECD: Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2005.

OKIMOTO, D. I. Between MITI and the Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology. Stanford University Press, 1989. 1-267.

OLIVEIRA, S. D. C. Sobre a Interacao Universidade-Empresa no Desenvolvimento de Software: Um Estudo de Caso no Recife. 2008. 309 Instituto de Economia, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro.

PADILLA-PÉREZ, R. A Regional Approach to Study Technology Transfer Through Foreign Direct Investment: The Electronics Industry in Two Mexican Regions. Research Policy, v. 37, p. 849-860, 2008.

PAMPLONA DA COSTA, J.O. Technology Policy, Network Governance and Firm-level Innovation in the Software Industry: a Comparison of Two Brazilian Software Networks. Science and Technology Policy Research (SPRU). University of Sussex, Brighton, 2012, p. 1-299.

PAMPLONA DA COSTA, J.O. Network (Mis)Alignment, Technology Policy and Innovation: The Tale of Two Brazilian Cities. SPRU Working Paper Series (SWPS), 2015-14: 1-42. ISSN 2057-6668. Available at: www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/swps2015-14, 2015.

POWELL, W. W. Neither Market Nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization Research in Organizational Behavior, v. 112, p. 395-336, 1990.

POWELL, W. W.; GRODAL, S. Networks of Innovators. In: FAGERBERG, J.;MOWERY, D. C., et al (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. p.56-85.

QUERETTE, E. L. Comunidades e intermediários de conhecimento em um cluster de empresas de tecnologia: um estudo das trocas informais de conhecimento através de redes sociais egocentradas. 2016. 223 (Doctoral). Instituto de Economia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

RAMIREZ, M.; DICKENSON, P. Gatekeepers, Knowledge Brokers and Inter-firm Knowledge Transfer in Beijing's Zhongguancun Science Park. International Journal of Innovation Management, v. 14, n. 1, p. 93-122, February 2010.

ROSELINO, J. E. A Indústria de Software: o “Modelo Brasileiro” em Perspectiva Comparada. 2006. 236 Institulo de Economia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas.

ROUSSEVA, R. Identifying Technological Capabilities with Different Degrees of Coherence: The Challenge to Achieve High Technological Sophistication in Latecomer Software Companies (Based on the Bulgarian Case). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 75, n. 7, p. 1007-1031, 2008. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V71-4RDB8SC-1/2/1af075f66e6f04fe22e7b4679985918c >.

SCOTT, J. Social Network Analysis: a Handbook. London: Sage Publications, 1991.

SECTMA. Marcos de uma Geração Voltada para o Futuro: Cência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente em Pernambuco 1999-2006. Secretaria de Cência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente. Recife, p.1-100. 2006

STEFANUTO, G. N. O Programa SOFTEX e a Industria de Software no Brasil. 2004. 170 Departamento de Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas.

STEINMUELLER, W. E. ICTs and the possibilities for leapfrogging by developing countries. International Labour Review, v. 140, n. 2, p. 193-210, 2001.

______. The European Software Sectoral System of Innovation. In: MALERBA, F. (Ed.). Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Issues and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p.193-242.

______. Economics of Technology Policy. In: HALL, B. H. e ROSEMBERG, N. (Ed.). Handbook of the Economics of Innovation: Elsevier, v.02, 2010. p.Chapter 28. (Handbooks in Economics).

STORPER, M. Regional Technology Coalitions an Essential Dimension of National Technology Policy. Research Policy, v. 24, n. 6, p. 895-911, 1995. Disponível em: < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V77-3YCN1XD-5/2/b8318c9db56aa1ee98537c7946928e0b >.

______. Innovation as Collective Action: Conventions, Products and Technologies. Industry and Corporate Change, v. 5, n. 3, p. 761-790, January 1, 1996 1996. Disponível em: < http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/3/761 >.

TEIXEIRA, F. L. Políticas Públicas para o Desenvolvimento Regional e Local: o que Podemos Aprender com os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLS)? Organização e Sociedade, v. 15, n. 46, p. 57-75, Julho/Setembro 2008. Disponível em: < Available at: http://www.revistaoes.ufba.br/include/getdoc.php?id=562&article=478, last accessed on 06 July 2011. >.

VON TUNZELMANN, N. Historical Coevolution of Governance and Technology in the Industrial Revolutions. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, v. 14, p. 365-384, 2003.

______. Alignment, Misalignment and Dynamics Network-Based Capabilities. In: DYKER, D. A. (Ed.). Network Dynamics in Emerging Regions of Europe. London: Imperial College Press, 2010. p.3-22.

YIN, R. K. Case study research: design and methods. Third. London: Sage Publications, 2003. 181 ISBN 0-7619-2553-8.

Downloads

Publicado

11-04-2019

Como Citar

Costa, J. O. P. da. (2019). Alignment in regional networks: towards new metrics to assess the effectiveness of technology policy|Alinhamento de redes em uma região em processo de catching-up: em busca de novas métricas para avaliar a efetividade da política tecnológica. Revista Brasileira De Estudos Urbanos E Regionais, 21(2), 390. https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2019v21n2p390

Edição

Seção

Artigos | Articles: Paradigmas tecno-econômicos e reconfiguração territorial