Peripheral urbanization: autoconstruction, transversal logics, and politics in cities of the global south

Authors

  • Teresa Pires do Rio Caldeira University of California, Berkeley, Department of City and Regional Planning, Berkeley, CA, EUA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-7522

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.rbeur.202436

Keywords:

Autoconstruction, Peripheries, Transversal Logics, Urbanization in the Global South

Abstract

Many cities around the world have been largely constructed by their residents, who build not only their own houses, but also frequently their neighborhoods. In this article, I use the notion of peripheral urbanization to analyze this way of producing cities that is quite pervasive in the global south. I argue that peripheral urbanization refers to modes of the production of space that (a) operate with a specific temporality and agency, (b) engage transversally with official logics, (c) generate new modes of politics, and (d) create highly unequal and heterogeneous cities. I also argue that peripheral urbanization not only produces heterogeneity within the city as it unfolds over time, but also varies considerably from one city to another. I build my arguments by juxtaposing dissimilar cases from a few cities in the global south. To focus on peripheral urbanization means simultaneously to de-center urban theory and to offer a bold characterization of modes of the production of space that are different from those that generated the cities of the North Atlantic.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Teresa Pires do Rio Caldeira, University of California, Berkeley, Department of City and Regional Planning, Berkeley, CA, EUA

Antropóloga e professora titular do Departamento de Planejamento Urbano e Regional da Universidade da Califórnia, Berkeley. É autora de Cidade de muros: crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo (Editora 34, 2000), além de outros livros e inúmeros artigos publicados internacionalmente. Em 2012, foi designada como Guggenheim Fellow.

References

AHONSI, B. Popular shaping of metropolitan forms and processes in Nigeria: Glimpses and interpretations from an informed Lagosian. In: ENWEZOR, O. et al. (ed.). Under siege: Four African cities; Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2002. p. 129-152.

AZUELA DE LA CUEVA, A. Low income settlements and the law in Mexico City. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 11, n. 4, p. 522-542, dez. 1987.

BALABAN, U. The Enclosure of Urban Space and Consolidation of the Capitalist Land Regime in Turkish Cities. Urban Studies, v. 48, n. 10, p. 2162-2179, ago. 2011.

BARTU CANDAN, A.; KOLLUOĞLU, B. Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in İstanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey, v. 39, p. 5-46, 2008.

BHAN, G. In the public’s interest: evictions, citizenship, and inequality in contemporary Delhi. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2016.

BONDUKI, N. G.; ROLNIK, R. Periferias: ocupação do espaço e reprodução da força de trabalho. São Paulo: FAUUSP, 1979.

BRASIL. [Constituição (1988)]. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF: Senado Federal. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm.

BRASIL. Lei nº 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001. Regulamenta os arts. 182 e 183 da Constituição Federal, estabelece diretrizes gerais da política urbana e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União: Brasília, DF, 11 jul. 2001.

BRASIL. Lei nº 11.977, de 7 de julho de 2009. Dispõe sobre o Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida – PMCMV e a regularização fundiária de assentamentos localizados em áreas urbanas; altera o Decreto-Lei no 3.365, de 21 de junho de 1941, as Leis nos 4.380, de 21 de agosto de 1964, 6.015, de 31 de dezembro de 1973, 8.036, de 11 de maio de 1990, e 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001, e a Medida Provisória no 2.197-43, de 24 de agosto de 2001; e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União: Brasília, DF, 8 jul. 2009.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R. A Política dos Outros: o cotidiano dos moradores da periferia e o que pensam do poder e dos poderosos. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R. Cidade de muros: crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2000.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R. São Paulo: The city and its protest. OpenDemocracy, 11 jul. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opensecurity/sao-paulo-city-and-its-protest/. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2024.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R. Social Movements, Cultural Production, and Protests: São Paulo’s Shifting Political Landscape. Current Anthropology, v. 56, n. S11, p. S126-S136, out. 2015.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R.; HOLSTON, J. State and urban space in Brazil: from modernist planning to democratic interventions. In: ONG, A.; COLLIER, S. J. (ed.). Global assemblages: technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. p. 393-416.

CALDEIRA, T. P. do R.; HOLSTON, J. Participatory urban planning in Brazil. Urban Studies, v. 52, n. 11, p. 2001-2017, ago. 2015.

CAMARGO, C. P. F. de et al. São Paulo 1975: crescimento e pobreza. São Paulo: Loyola, 1976.

CASTILLO, J. Urbanisms of the Informal: Transformations in the Urban Fringe of Mexico City. Praxis: Journal of Writing and Building, n. 2, p. 102-111, 2001.

CLIFFORD, J. On Ethnographic Surrealism. In: CLIFFORD. J. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. p. 117-151.

DUCCI, M. E. Chile: el lado obscuro de una política de vivienda exitosa. Revista EURE, v. 23, n. 69, p. 99-115, 1997.

DUHAU, E. Hábitat popular y política urbana. Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 1998.

DUHAU, E. The Informal City: An Enduring Slum or a Progressive Habitat? In: FISCHER, B. M.; McCANN, B.; AUYERO, J. (ed.). Cities from scratch: poverty and informality in urban Latin America. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014. p. 150-169.

EL-KAZAZ, S. It is About the Park: A Struggle for Turkey’s Cities. Jadaliyya, 16 jun. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/28789/It-Is-About-the-Park-A-Struggle-for-Turkey%E2%80%99s-Cities. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2024.

GHERTNER, D. A. India’s Urban Revolution: Geographies of Displacement beyond Gentrification. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, v. 46, n. 7, p. 1554-1571, jul. 2014.

GHERTNER, D. A. Rule by Aesthetics: World-Class City Making in Delhi. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

GILBERT, A. Power, Ideology and the Washington Consensus: The Development and Spread of Chilean Housing Policy. Housing Studies, v. 17, n. 2, p. 305-324, mar. 2002.

GILBERT, A. Helping the poor through housing subsidies: lessons from Chile, Colombia and South Africa. Habitat International, v. 28, n. 1, p. 13-40, mar. 2004a.

GILBERT, A. Learning from others: the spread of capital housing subsidies. International Planning Studies, v. 9, n. 2-3, p. 197-216, maio 2004b.

GILBERT, L.; DE JONG, F. Entanglements of Periphery and Informality in Mexico City. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 39, n. 3, p. 518-532, maio 2015.

HOLSTON, J. Autoconstruction in Working-Class Brazil. Cultural Anthropology, v. 6, n. 4, p. 447-465, nov. 1991.

HOLSTON, J. Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.

HOLSTON, J. Insurgent Citizenship in an Era of Global Urban Peripheries. City & Society, v. 21, n. 2, p. 245-267, dez. 2009.

HOLSTON, J.; CALDEIRA, T. Urban Peripheries and the Invention of Citizenship. Harvard Design Magazine, n. 28, p. 18-23, Spring/Summer 2008.

ISMAIL, S. The politics of the urban everyday in Cairo: Infrastructures of oppositional action. In: PARNELL, S.; OLDFIELD, S. (ed.). The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South. London; New York: Routledge, 2014. p. 269-280.

JONES, G. A.; WARD, P. M. Privatizing the commons: reforming the ejido and urban development in Mexico. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 22, n. 1, p. 76-93, mar. 1998.

KEYDER, C. Globalization and Social Exclusion in Istanbul. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 29, n. 1, p. 124-134, mar. 2005.

KUYUCU, T. Law, Property and Ambiguity: The Uses and Abuses of Legal Ambiguity in Remaking Istanbul’s Informal Settlements. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 38, n. 2, p. 609-627, mar. 2014.

KUYUCU, T.; ÜNSAL, Ö. “Urban Transformation” as State-led Property Transfer: An Analysis of Two Cases of Urban Renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, v. 47, n. 7, p. 1479-1499, jun. 2010.

LABCIDADE. Ferramentas para avaliação da inserção urbana dos empreendimentos do MCMV. São Paulo: Laboratório Espaço Público e Direito à Cidade, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade de São Paulo, nov. 2014. Disponível em: http://www.labcidade.fau.usp.br/download/PDF/2014_Pesquisa_MCMV_Relatorio_Final.pdf. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2024.

MARCUS, G. E.; FISCHER, M. M. J. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1986.

MARQUES, E. C. (ed.). A metrópole de São Paulo no século XXI: espaços, heterogeneidades e desigualdades. São Paulo: Centro de Estudos da Metrópole; Editora Unesp, 2015.

MBEMBE, J.-A.; NUTTALL, S. Writing the World from an African Metropolis. Public Culture, v. 16, n. 3, p. 347-372, out. 2004.

McFARLANE, C. Urban Shadows: Materiality, the ‘Southern City’ and Urban Theory. Geography Compass, v. 2, n. 2, p. 340-358, mar. 2008.

McFARLANE, C. The Comparative City: Knowledge, Learning, Urbanism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 34, n. 4, p. 725-742, dez. 2010.

MURPHY, E. In and Out of the Margins: Urban Land Seizures and Homeownership in Santiago, Chile. In: FISCHER, B.; McCANN, B.; AUYERO, J. (ed.). Cities From Scratch: Poverty and Informality in Urban Latin America. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014. p. 68-10.

NEV-USP. Núcleo de Estudos da Violência-Universidade de São Paulo. A delimitação de áreas chave para estudos longitudinais em São Paulo (SP), Brasil. São Paulo: Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo, 2014.

PAYNE, G.; DURAND-LASSERVE, A. Holding On: Security of Tenure – Types, Policies, Practices and Challenges. [S.l.]: UN Human Rights, 2012.

ROBINSON, J. Global and world cities: a view from off the map. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 26, n. 3, p. 531-554, set. 2002.

ROBINSON, J. Cities in a world of cities: the comparative gesture. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 35, n. 1, p. 1-23, jan. 2011.

ROBINSON, J. Thinking cities through elsewhere: Comparative tactics for a more global urban studies. Progress in Human Geography, v. 40, n. 1, p. 3-29, fev. 2016.

RODRÍGUEZ, A.; RODRÍGUEZ, P. (ed.). Santiago, una ciudad neoliberal. Quito: Organización Latinoamericana y del Caribe de Centros Histórico, 2009.

RODRÍGUEZ, A.; SUGRANYES, A. (ed.). Los con techo: Un desafío para la política de vivienda social. Santiago: Ediciones SUR, 2005.

ROY, A. The 21st-Century Metropolis: New Geographies of Theory. Regional Studies, v. 43, n. 6, p. 819-830, jul. 2009.

SALCEDO, R. The Last Slum: Moving from Illegal Settlements to Subsidized Home Ownership in Chile. Urban Affairs Review, v. 46, n. 1, p. 90-118, set. 2010.

SÃO PAULO (cidade). Lei nº 13.430, de 13 de setembro de 2002. Plano Diretor Estratégico. Diário Oficial da Cidade de São Paulo: São Paulo, SP, 14 set. 2002.

SÃO PAULO (cidade). Lei nº 16.050, de 31 de julho de 2014. Aprova a Política de Desenvolvimento Urbano e o Plano Diretor Estratégico do Município de São Paulo e revoga a Lei nº 13.430/2002. Diário Oficial da Cidade de São Paulo: São Paulo, SP, 1 ago. 2014.

SIMONE, A. For the city yet to come: changing African life in four cities. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004.

SIMONE, A. City life from Jakarta to Dakar: movements at the crossroads. New York: Routledge, 2010.

SIMONE, A. Jakarta: drawing the city near. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2014.

SMALL, M. L. “How many cases do I need?”: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research. Ethnography, v. 10, n. 1, p. 5-38, mar. 2009.

SMOLKA, M. O.; MULLAHY, L. (ed.). Perspectivas urbanas: Temas críticos en políticas de suelo en América Latina. Cambridge: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2010.

TUGAL, C. Occupy Gezi: The Limits of Turkey’s Neoliberal Success. Jadaliyya, 4 jun. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/28725/Occupy-Gezi-The-Limits-of-Turkey%E2%80%99s-Neoliberal-Success. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2024.

VARLEY, A. Private or public: debating the meaning of tenure legalization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, v. 26, n. 3, p. 449-461, set. 2002.

WARD, K. Towards a relational comparative approach to the study of cities. Progress in Human Geography, v. 34, n. 4, p. 471-487, ago. 2010.

WATSON, V. Seeing from the South: refocusing urban planning on the globe’s central urban issues. Urban Studies, v. 46, n. 11, p. 2259-2275, out. 2009.

YIN, R. K. Case study research: design and methods. Thousand Oaks; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003.

ZARRICUETA, R. T. Vivienda social en Santiago de Chile: Análisis de su comportamiento locacional, período 1980- 2002. Revista INVI, v. 26, n. 73, p. 105-131, 2011.

Published

2024-10-16

How to Cite

Caldeira, T. P. do R. (2024). Peripheral urbanization: autoconstruction, transversal logics, and politics in cities of the global south. Revista Brasileira De Estudos Urbanos E Regionais, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.rbeur.202436

Issue

Section

Translations